The Normal Birth Process: Stage by Stage

Normal (vaginal) birth occurs in three stages. A first birth can typically last 12-18 hours; second and subsequent births are usually shorter. Every birth is unique — time estimates are averages, and yours will have its own rhythm.

First stage — Dilation: The cervix dilates from 0 to 10 cm. In the early phase (up to about 6 cm), contractions may be mild and irregular — you can spend this comfortably at home, walking and warm showers can help. In the active phase (from about 6 cm), contractions intensify. For when to go to the hospital, the 5-1-1 rule is commonly used: contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 1 minute, for 1 hour. If you've given birth before, going a little earlier is recommended; if your water breaks, you're bleeding or your baby is moving less, go without waiting for contractions. The transition phase (8-10 cm) is the most intense period but knowing it's short gives you strength.

Second stage — Delivery: The stage from full dilation to baby's birth. It can last 1-3 hours in first births and is usually shorter in subsequent births. Your doctor or midwife will guide you on when and how to push.

Third stage — Placenta: The delivery of the placenta after the baby's birth can take 5-30 minutes. It usually occurs painlessly or with mild contractions. During this time, the baby will be on your chest and you can begin first breastfeeding — that first moment is very special.