Edema and Swelling During Pregnancy

Edema (swelling) during pregnancy is very common and mostly harmless. Increased blood volume, hormonal changes, and the growing uterus pressing on veins cause fluid retention. The ankles, feet, and hands are particularly prone to swelling. It can become more pronounced in the 3rd trimester and in hot weather.

For relief: Elevating your legs (15-20 minutes several times a day) can be very helpful. Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, and getting up for a short walk every hour is good. Lying on your side (left or right) can reduce pressure on the inferior vena cava.

Regarding nutrition: Cutting back on water doesn't reduce swelling; drinking enough through the day is good for your overall health, although evidence that it noticeably reduces edema is limited. Reducing salt intake but not eliminating it completely is recommended. Potassium-rich foods like bananas, avocados, and potatoes can support fluid balance.

Situations to be mindful of: Sudden and noticeable swelling of the face and hands, or swelling together with headache and vision changes, can be signs of preeclampsia; if you notice these, contact your doctor or maternity unit the same day, without waiting. Pain, swelling and redness in one leg can be a sign of a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis), which also needs same-day assessment. If this comes with shortness of breath or chest pain, call your local emergency number.